Cannabis sativa is composed of different chemical constituents. Medical utility of cannabis sativa marijuana cannabis sativa is a plant whose utility has been under estimated and thus abandoned. Zwenger april, 2009 stem callus 7 transgenic cannabis rooting this book is dedicated to the future of humankind. Biotechnology companies are looking to capitalize on the anticipated growth of the cannabis derived pharmaceutical market by leveraging the mounting data on the therapeutic effect of cannabis. Legally and scientifically, we cannot identify the difference between sativa and indica cannabis strains because all the plants are considered as cannabis sativa however, in practice, there are many differences between both the cannabis strains. This plant has been of interest to researchers, general public and media not only due to its medicinal properties but also the controversy surrounding its illicit use. Psychoactive substances used for religious rituals, medicine, recreation controversy about whether cannabis indica exists as a separate subspecies.
There are so many different aspects of cannabis, that sometimes. The draft genome and transcriptome of cannabis sativa. Behavioral and biochemical effects of cannabis sativa and their modulation by antidepressant drugs rev. Cannabis will deteriorate in about two years if exposed to light, air or heat. This chapter describes the role of biotechnology and our efforts to propagate c. While herbal cannabis or marijuana consists of dried plant parts, the main ingredient in cannabis resin or hashish is the resin secreted by the glandular hairs found all over the plant but mainly around the flowers. Cannabis is said to come from the greek word, kannabis, the arabic word, kannabi, or the persian word, kannab. Today, it is widely accepted that marijuana has two main species. Cannabis sativa has been cultivated throughout human history as a source of fiber, oil and food, and for its medicinal and intoxicating properties.
A unique plant source of 3 important types of products 1. Cannabis biotech conducts research to develop innovative cannabinoid products and therapies for the treatment of diseases and their symptoms. The first evidence of the use of cannabis was found in china, where archeological and historical findings indicate that that plant was cultivated for fibers since 4. The role of biotechnology in cannabis sativa propagation for. Jun 20, 2009 the biotechnology of cannabis sativa its a free discourse on the ways biotechnology genetic engineering may be applied to increase cannabis potency and to possibly create a whole mess of novel structural phenotypes. Arab scientists were several centuries ahead of our current knowledge of the curative power of hemp cannabis sativa l. Cannabaceae is an important medicinal plant that serves as a source of cannabinoids, a unique class of terpenophenolic compounds which accumulates mainly in the glandular trichomes of the plant. Cannabis sativa, also known as marijuana, is a plant grown all over the world, and has been in use for more than 10,000 years ago, during the stoneage. The terms indica and sativa are broad categories that help in an indication of a specific strain of cannabis. This fastgrowing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multipurpose applications. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text april. As a plant, it has fallen into two groups indica and sativa. Oct 14, 2016 the line between cannabis indica and cannabis sativa was originally drawn taxonomically using carl linnaeuss naming system.
Cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and cannabis ruderalis. Cannabinoids, consiting of alkylresorcinol and monoterpene groups, are the unique secondary metabolites that are found only in cannabis sativa. Hartsel, joshua eades, brian hickory and alexandros makriyannis introduction cannabis sativa is a remarkable plant containing many valuable natural components. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading cannabis sativa l. Armies and navies have used it to make war, men and women to make love. Introduction to the multipurpose plant cannabis throughout the ages, cannabis has been extolled as one of mans greatest benefactors and cursed as one of his greatest scourges.
The molecular biology underlying cannabinoid biosynthesis and other traits of interest is. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text april, 2009 7. Cannabis naturally colonizes open streamside habitats with ample sunlight, water, nutrients, and air movement. It is for these reasons that i believe that the application of modern biotechnology to cannabis will be done a way that is harmonious with both nature and ourselves. While herbal cannabis or marijuana consists of dried plant parts, the main ingredient in cannabis resin or hashish is the resin secreted by the glandular hairs found all. The role of biotechnology in cannabis sativa propagation. Thc, cbd, cbga to afford unique physiological effects. Thus far, cannabis biotech has developed a number of products that utilize alternative delivery methods. In 1980, 423 natural compounds were identified in cannabis sativa, 483 in 1995 and 489 in 2005. Cannabis sativa has been utilized for millennia, primarily as a source of a stem fiber both the plant and the fiber termed hemp and a resinous intoxicant the plant and its drug. Cannabis sativa, cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, biosynthesis, glandular trichome and biotechnology. Cannabis is one of the oldest crops known to mankind, with records of its cultivation dating back thousands of years.
Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis sativa l. At the bottom of this post youll find past collections of free ebooks that i have compiled for rfreeebooks. Complete taxonomic classification within the genus cannabis remains under considerable dispute. The term marijuana is thought to be based on the portuguese word mariguango. In many locations, the plant genus cannabis has become synonymous with the recreational drug marijuana. The plants shownhere are cannabis spontaneously along a watercourse a in the northeastern state of megalaya in india. The easiest way to determine the difference between sativa and indica cannabis strains or marijuana plants is to look for the shape of the leaves. Today most scientists believe that the species is cannabis, part of the. Cannabis sativa cannabis indica theres a fair amount of confusion surrounding the botany of cannabis even among botanists. Feral cannabis is highly adaptableand can grow and reproduce in a wide variety of temperate habitats, even under.
Botany and biotechnology kindle edition by chandra, suman, lata, hemant, elsohly, mahmoud a download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Pdf the biotechnology of cannabis sativa 2 nd edition. Contenidos articulos cannabis sativa 1 cannabis sativa subsp. Sam zwenger, the author of the pdf i linked even goes on to document actual transgenic gfp green fluorescent protein cannabis. Quimby 1974 claim that all cannabis plants grown for fiber or resin or other purposes belong to the species c. Different strains of cannabis have different and unique smells and are believed to work with or against the cannabinoids i. This vernacular name indicates the long use of this plant in southern africa. And, to capture the best of both groups, farmers and cultivators have bred hybrids over time. It is the purported negative aspect of this commercial crop that has been expounded thereby leading to its ostracization to the detriment of its values to. Production of herbal cannabis marihuana is widely dispersed, existing in almost every country in the world. And like all things both lucrative and living, the world of biotechnology has already jumped right in and worked to optimize the biological output of these plants. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text sam r.
Roots 4 have cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, antineoplastic, cardiovascular and mild analgesic activity and the lignans to have insecticidal effects. If there are topics youd like to see me collect let me know in the comments. Cannabis resin hashish is produced in about 65 coun tries, with main sources being north africa and countries. Humulus, celtis, related to the urticaceae nettles and moraceae mulberry, fig families annual growth habit mostly dioecious some fiber cultivars are monoecious staminate plants are 1015% taller 0. The molecular biology underlying cannabinoid biosynthesis and other traits of. It has been used in religious rituals, medical practices, and simple pleasures. Until the 1960s, botanists considered that there was only one species of cannabis c.
Oct 16, 2017 indica and sativa are the two main types of cannabis. While cannabis plants are grown and used for food, fiber, fuel, medicine, and shelter brown 1998a, guy 2004 in different areas of the world, primary cultivation, especially in the united states, is for the psychoactive chemical constituents known as cannabinoids. Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of. Many of these cannabis aromatic smells come from small molecules known as terpenes terpenoids. Sativa cannabis strain is grown towards the equator,i. Ailments that the company has studied include hiv, cancer, glaucoma and neurological disorders. But at the end of the day, all marijuana companies rely on one thing the living, breathing cannabis sativa plant. Uses, benefits and side effects of cannabis indica, sativa. In the last decade most botanists would add the recently defined c. Microclone cannabis tissue culture and biotechnology. Selective breeding has produced cannabis plants for specific uses, including highpotency marijuana strains and hemp cultivars for fiber and seed production. Cannabis sativa marijuana, weed, ganja is the illicit substance most frequently used by pregnant women muhuri and gfroerer, 2009. It has been cultivated throughout the world and history for use as a food, fuel source, nutritional supplement, body care product, source of paper.
Sativas were the original cannabis strains discovered in europe, and. Currently, about 110 phytocannabinoids have been isolated from c. Cannabis sativa, cannabaceae, thca, cbda, cuttings bull. As with other herbal drugs, there are numerous biologically active compounds contained in marijuana but delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinl thc is the major psychoactive compound and the one most studied. Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis.
Botany and biotechnology this book highlights current cannabis research. The word dagga is a dutch pronunciation of the hottentot word, dachah. Cannabaceae is one of the oldest sources of fiber, food and medicine. Biotechnology companies are looking to capitalize on the anticipated growth of the cannabisderived pharmaceutical market by leveraging the mounting data on. The key differences between sativa and indica cannabis.
Cannabis can be grown in virtually any country, and is increasingly cultivated indoors in technically advanced countries. Elsohly 2014 micropropagation of cannabis sativa in biotechnology of cannabis sativa, 2 nd edition by sam r. Aug 14, 2017 this book highlights current cannabis research. Each has its own unique effects and a distinctive high.
Whether its consumed in edibles, smoked in a joint, pipe or bong, vaporized or made into hash, shatter or concentrate many people can testify to the healing, calming and restorative powers of pot. Cannabis is a fascinating plant composed of a variety of compounds that affect the human body in a number of ways. The number of species within the genus is disputed. The line between cannabis indica and cannabis sativa was originally drawn taxonomically using carl linnaeuss naming system.
The males, which are generally taller than the females. Cannabis sativa cannabis is among the earliest plants cultivated by man. Cannabis is finally catching up with all of the other popular plants of the world. The key differences between sativa and indica cannabis strains. The mad rush for green continues to reach ever greater heights as states lift decadeslong bans on marijuana. Modern western scientific literature ignores their contribution on the subject. Microclone cannabis tissue culture and biotechnology posts.